Shreveport, LA

Researched: 2026-07-17 (scheduled nightly run) · Template: _TEMPLATE_Town-Research-Paper.md (55-point matrix incl. Public Transportation) Lens: relocate-to / do-business · Support Stack Systems — Black Towns Prospecting · append-only project

0. Snapshot / Executive Summary

Verdict in one paragraph: Shreveport is a do-business CONDITIONAL YES / relocate CONDITIONAL — a cheap, majority-Black (55.9%) mid-size city with one of the oldest Black chambers in the country (est. 1941), Louisiana's newly aggressive pro-business tax code (franchise tax repealed 1/1/2026, 3% flat individual income tax), and — the single biggest personal-fit finding — a confirmed, named G-POEM program for refractory gastroparesis in-city (Dr. Qiang Cai, Chief of Gastroenterology, Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport). It is dragged down hard by three structural problems: (1) a water/sewer system in genuine crisis (federal sewer consent decree ballooned from $349M to $900M+ with a "physically and financially impossible" Nov 2026 deadline; separate LA Dept. of Health administrative order on the drinking-water system; a transmission-main break in March 2026); (2) the February 2026 Amazon/STACK $12B hyperscale data-center buildout across Caddo & Bossier parishes — three campuses, litigated by residents and the Sierra Club, that will compete for exactly the water and grid capacity the city is already struggling to deliver; and (3) a shrinking population (−5.8% 2019→2024) with 23% poverty and a still-high (though sharply falling) homicide rate. City politics flipped: after 16 years of Black mayors (2006–2022), the current mayor is a white Republican, with a wide-open Nov 3, 2026 election that includes several prominent Black candidates. Fit score: 38/55 (ties Augusta; behind Birmingham 44, Detroit 43, Baltimore/Memphis 41, Montgomery 40, ahead of Miami Gardens 37).

Quick facts (flag: verify exact figures before use):

Three institutional filters:

• Black government representation: PARTIAL. Mayor Tom Arceneaux (R) is white (elected Dec 2022, ending a 16-year run of Black mayors: Cedric Glover 2006–14, Ollie Tyler 2014–18, Adrian Perkins 2018–22). Council is 5D–2R with Black leadership — Chairwoman Tabatha Taylor and Vice Chair Ursula Bowman re-elected to lead for 2026 (seat-by-seat racial breakdown not exhaustively confirmed — open item). Parish level is strong: Caddo Commission President Stormy Gage-Watts (Black woman, now running for mayor) and Sheriff Henry Whitehorn (parish's first Black sheriff, seated 2024 after the famous one-vote/redo election — verify details before citing). ⚠️ Master-list correction: the list's "✅ Black mayor" entry for Shreveport is outdated — that was Perkins, out since 2022.
• Black chamber of commerce: ✅ Shreveport-Bossier African American Chamber of Commerce (SBAACC) — founded 1941 as the Negro Chamber of Commerce (renamed 1999), making it one of the longest-continuously-operating Black chambers found anywhere in this project. 140+ member businesses; runs a $5,000 Shreveport-Bossier Small Business Grant.
• Active Black business ecosystem: ✅ (moderate). SBAACC + Louisiana's oldest Black weekly newspaper (Shreveport Sun, archived at SUSLA's Black Ethnic Archives) + SUSLA (Louisiana's only two-year HBCU) + Southern University Museum of Art at Shreveport (SUMAS).

Top 3 reasons to consider:

1. Confirmed in-city gastroparesis surgical program — Dr. Qiang Cai at Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport explicitly offers G-POEM for refractory gastroparesis (plus POEM for achalasia/spasm). Only Baltimore (Hopkins/UMMC), Birmingham (UAB), Augusta (MCG Enterra program) and now Shreveport have named, procedure-level gastroparesis care confirmed in this project.
2. Cheapest-tier entry costs + Louisiana's 2025–26 tax overhaul: ~$188k median home, COL ~5–6.5% below national, franchise tax repealed, 5.5% flat corporate / 3% flat individual income tax, $20k corporate standard deduction.
3. Deep Black institutional history: 1941 Black chamber, SUSLA HBCU, Shreveport Sun archives, SUMAS — plus a genuinely competitive 2026 mayoral race with multiple serious Black candidates (Gage-Watts, Rep. Tammy Phelps).

Top 3 risks / red flags:

1. Water on every axis: $900M+ sewer consent-decree overrun (20-yr extension requested), LDH order on the drinking-water system, March 2026 main break — and a $12B data-center buildout arriving on top of that strained system. For a permaculture/quality-of-life decision, water reliability is the #1 open question.
2. Amazon/STACK $12B data centers (Feb 2026) — three campuses in Caddo/Bossier; community opposition, petition, and a Sierra Club-backed lawsuit (permit upheld April 2026, appeal considered). Land-price, grid-rate, and water-draw implications for any NW-Louisiana land strategy.
3. Shrinking, poor, still-violent city: −5.8% population (2019–24), 23.3% poverty, ~9% unemployment (source-dependent), 42 homicides in 2025 (≈23/100k — improving fast but still roughly 3–4× the national rate).

1. History & Demographics

• Founding & Black-history significance: Founded 1836 at the Red River logjam ("Great Raft") clearing; grew as a cotton/steamboat hub built substantially on enslaved labor, later a Confederate state capital (1863–65) — a hard history that transitions into one of Louisiana's most significant Black civic infrastructures: the Shreveport Sun (Louisiana's oldest African American weekly), the 1941 Negro Chamber of Commerce (today's SBAACC), Cedar Grove's early-1900s Black working-class "factory movement" neighborhoods, and the civil-rights era Little Union Baptist Church organizing tradition. Southern University at Shreveport (SUSLA) opened for instruction Sept 19, 1967 — Louisiana's only two-year HBCU — and hosts SUMAS (300+ African/African-American art artifacts) and the Black Ethnic Archives (complete Shreveport Sun run; papers of regional Black educators, businesspeople, clergy).
• Population & trend: 187,593 (2020 Census) → ~177–180k (2024 ACS), −5.8% 2019→2024 — the steepest decline of any Tier A city researched except Detroit's historical arc (which has now reversed; Shreveport's has not). Black share 55.9% and stable; absolute Black population −3.2% since 2020. White 34.9%, Hispanic 4.1%.
• Age/household/education: Median household income ~$48.7k; not exhaustively pulled this pass (open item: ACS age/education tables).
• Cultural assets: SUSLA/SUMAS/Black Ethnic Archives; Municipal Auditorium (Louisiana Hayride); Multicultural Center of the South; Norton Art Gallery; annual Let the Good Times Roll Festival (one of the region's largest Black festivals — verify current status); casinos/riverfront district; Barksdale AFB airshows across the river.

2. Cost of Living & Housing

• COL index: ~5% below national (RentCafe) to ~6.5% below (apartments.com).
• Housing: median sale price $188k (Feb 2026, +7.7% YoY); Zillow value index ~$170k; median rent figures range $762–$1,200/mo by source — all far below national. Inventory/days-on-market not pulled (open item).
• Property taxes: Louisiana's are among the nation's lowest in effective terms, but Caddo Parish carries the highest effective rate in Louisiana (~1.06% effective per one analysis; tax-rates.org shows ~0.49% of market value collected on average — the spread reflects the $75,000 homestead exemption, which shields parish (not city) taxes on a primary residence, and Louisiana's 10% assessment ratio on residential). Assessed value = 10% of market for land/residential. ⚠️ Verify the exact millage for a specific address; city taxes are NOT covered by the homestead exemption.
• Sales tax: 10.12% combined — among the highest in the U.S.; partially offsets the low income/property taxes for day-to-day COL.
• Land availability & cost (farm/permaculture lens): Caddo Parish currently lists ~96 rural properties averaging ~$7,099/ac and ~27 farms averaging ~$10,239/ac (LandSearch, accessed 2026-07-17); overall parish median $16,325/ac is skewed by small in-town lots; hobby-farm small parcels command a premium ($43.8k/ac). Livestock is the parish's main ag staple. Louisiana use-value assessment exists for bona fide ag/horticultural/timber land (⚠️ eligibility minimums — commonly cited as ≥3 acres or ~$2k average annual ag income — NOT verified this pass; confirm with the Caddo Assessor, 318-226-6701, before relying on it). Data-center caveat: the Amazon/STACK campuses sit in NW Caddo (Blanchard/State Line Rd) and at Resilient Tech Park (7340 Greenwood Rd, SW Shreveport) — expect land-price pressure and industrial rezoning along those corridors; a land buy in west/north Caddo now competes with hyperscale money. Neighboring DeSoto, Red River, and Bienville parishes are the cheaper, quieter ag alternatives (not researched this pass — candidates for a future farmland companion paper).
• Utilities/insurance: SWEPCO (electric) — data-center load is a rate-trajectory watch item; AEP/SWEPCO grid upgrades pledged to be Amazon-funded. Louisiana's property-insurance crisis is real (post-Ida insolvencies, Citizens growth), but NW Louisiana is inland — hurricane exposure is far lower than south LA; tornado/hail is the driver here. Median LA flood-insurance risk-based cost ~$1,470/yr; parcel-level FEMA check mandatory near the Red River and Cross Bayou.

3. Economy & Business Climate

• Employers/industries: Willis-Knighton Health System, Barksdale AFB (Air Force Global Strike Command HQ, across the river in Bossier), Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport (academic medical center), LSUS, casinos/gaming, film (tax-credit dependent), logistics. SLB (Schlumberger) doubled its Shreveport footprint in 2025–26 explicitly to serve data-center growth.
• Labor market: city employment −0.5% 2023→24 (75.0k→74.6k); unemployment figures conflict by source (one shows ~9% city; BLS MSA figures run far lower — ⚠️ unresolved, cite neither without checking BLS directly); poverty 23.3%.
• Black business ecosystem: SBAACC (est. 1941, 140+ members, $5k small-business grants) — the premier voice for Black business in NW Louisiana; recognized/partnered by Caddo Parish, LED, and both mainstream chambers. Black-owned business count/corridor data not quantified this pass (open item: Cooper Road/MLK, Allendale, Cedar Grove corridors).
• Incentives/tax climate: Louisiana's 2024 Third Extraordinary Session reform is a step-change: corporate franchise tax repealed for periods on/after 1/1/2026; flat 5.5% corporate income tax (from 1/1/2025); flat 3% individual rate (pass-through/LLC income taxed at 3%); $20k corporate standard deduction; immediate expensing elections. Plus High Impact Jobs program, LED FastStart, Opportunity Zones (present in Shreveport — parcel check needed). Offsets: 10.12% sales tax; 5% state sales tax base since 2025 with digital-products taxation — ⚠️ relevant to SSS software/digital sales into LA; scope it with a CPA (Money/Legal sacred category — research, not advice).
• VT BBLLC relevance: Louisiana has no DAO/blockchain-LLC statute; keep the Vermont BBLLC as parent and foreign-qualify in LA only if physically operating there. Digital-products sales-tax nexus is the item to scope first.
• Connectivity: AT&T Fiber reaches ~79% of the city at up to 5 Gbps symmetrical (fiber of some kind ~63–79% depending on methodology); Xfinity cable ~97.8% at up to 1.2–2 Gbps. For a remote/on-chain operation, address-level 5-gig fiber availability is genuinely strong for a city this cheap.
• DATA CENTER SCREEN (standing check, run 2026-07-17 per _REFERENCE_Data-Center-Screen.md):
  • Under construction / approved — Amazon (AWS) + STACK Infrastructure, ~$12B, three interconnected campuses announced Feb 23, 2026 by Gov. Jeff Landry: (1) Blanchard Latex Rd & State Line Rd (NW Caddo, ~10–12 mi NW of downtown); (2) west side of Hwy 3, ~5 mi N of Benton (Bossier); (3) Resilient Tech Park, 7340 Greenwood Rd (inside SW Shreveport). ~540 direct jobs pledged at ≥150% of state average wage + ~1,700 indirect; construction beginning spring 2026.
  • Incentives: eligible for Louisiana's Data Center Sales Tax Exemption (up to 20–30 yr rebates of state/local sales tax on equipment under the 2024 statute — exact term for this deal not disclosed in sources reviewed), High Impact Jobs program, LED FastStart. Statewide reporting (NOLA.com) flags the scale of foregone revenue as a live policy fight.
  • Water/power: Amazon publicly committed to pay for its own power infrastructure (new generation, substations, transmission with SWEPCO) and to limit water use + invest up to $400M in local water infrastructure. Treat as claims to monitor, not settled fact — the city's water system is simultaneously under an LDH administrative order.
  • Community reaction: protests at the Municipal Auditorium; an active "Shreveport says NO to Data Centers!" Action Network petition; residents + Sierra Club Delta Chapter litigation challenging the Resilient Tech Park permit — a state judge upheld the permit in April 2026; plaintiffs were weighing an appeal as of the sources reviewed. Opponents' core claims: water/utility strain and non-public operational details at the council-vote stage.
  • Also present: SLB's data-center-supply expansion (above); an earlier 2024–25 "data center planned near Shreveport" report (DCD) that appears to have evolved into/been superseded by the STACK deal — and note the region sits in the same announcement wave as Meta's $10B Richland Parish campus (~100 mi E, outside the 30-mi screen radius).
  • Classification: Under construction/approved (Amazon/STACK ×3) · Operating: none found in-parish · Moratorium: none found. Governance signal: council approved over organized opposition; litigation failed at trial level. This is the largest and closest data-center exposure of any place researched in this project to date — it cuts both ways (jobs/fiber/grid investment vs. water-grid-land competition) and belongs in any go/no-go decision on Shreveport or NW-Louisiana land.

4. Governance, Safety & Services

• Government: Mayor-council; Mayor Tom Arceneaux (R, white), elected Dec 2022 runoff, running for re-election Nov 3, 2026 (runoff Dec 12 if no majority). Declared challengers include Caddo Commission President Stormy Gage-Watts (D), State Rep. Tammy Phelps (D), Caddo Commissioner John-Paul Young, Michael Mays (20 y/o), Chaunta Mero, Michael Williams — a majority-Black city with a competitive field; the 2026 result is a genuine inflection point for the "Black political representation" filter. Council (7): A-Tabatha Taylor (D, Chair), B-Gary Brooks (D), C-Jim Taliaferro (R), D-Grayson Boucher (R), E-Alan Jackson Jr. (D), F-James Green (D), G-Ursula Bowman (D, Vice Chair). Parish: Sheriff Henry Whitehorn (first Black Caddo sheriff, 2024). School board racial makeup not pulled (open item).
• Public safety: 42 homicides in 2025, down from 52 (2024) and 80 (2023) — SPD credits focused-deterrence-style gun removals (500+ H1-2025), training, tech; shots-fired calls −29% H1 YoY; overall crime −9% in 2025. Countertrend: rapes and domestic-abuse cases rose in 2025. Per-capita homicide (~23/100k) remains well above national even after the improvement. Trend = strongly positive; level = still high. Same nuance discipline as Baltimore/Memphis applies.
• Schools: Caddo Parish Public Schools holds a district "B" (SPS 76.6, Nov 2025) — the best district rating of any Tier A city researched so far (vs. Baltimore/Augusta/Montgomery weak scores): 30 schools improved, 10 rose a letter grade, Captain Shreve HS and North Caddo HS at "A," Atkins Tech shed a 15-year F. District breakdown still shows a long tail (9 A schools of 64; D/F schools remain). Magnet tradition (Caddo Magnet HS) strong.
• Healthcare (gastroparesis/chronic-care — decisive finding): Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport is the region's academic medical center. Dr. Qiang Cai, MD, PhD — Director of Gastroenterology at LSU Health Shreveport / Chief of GI at Ochsner LSU — explicitly offers G-POEM for refractory gastroparesis and POEM for achalasia/esophageal motility disorders; the Ochsner LSU GI Associates group lists gastroparesis and esophageal motility disorders among treated conditions. (Cai built his reputation in advanced endoscopy before recruitment to Shreveport.) Willis-Knighton Health System (the market-share leader) runs its own GI Specialists group across multiple campuses. This is one of only four cities in the project with a named, procedure-level gastroparesis pathway confirmed (Baltimore, Birmingham, Augusta, Shreveport). Open item (lighter than usual): confirm the diagnostic side — gastric-emptying scintigraphy, wireless motility capsule, EndoFLIP — via the GI clinic (318-626-0050 listed for Ochsner LSU GI; verify number before calling).
• Public transportation: SporTran runs ~20 routes across Shreveport + Bossier City with a downtown terminal, paratransit (LiftLine), and reported zero-fare systemwide since 2022 (⚠️ verify — sourced from an unofficial guide site); service ~5:30am–7:30pm weekdays, Saturday service, no/limited Sunday service (⚠️ verify); 30-min peak / 60-min off-peak headways. Uber and Lyft both active, including authorized SHV airport pickup; coverage is city-solid, thin rural. Partial transit bump: real bus system + active rideshare, but evening/Sunday gaps keep it below Baltimore's standard.
• Infrastructure & climate resilience: This is Shreveport's worst section.
  • Sewer: 2014 DOJ/EPA/LDEQ consent decree (SSO elimination) — original $349M estimate now $900M+, compliance deadline Nov 12, 2026, which Mayor Arceneaux calls "physically and financially impossible"; city seeking a 20-year extension. Expect sustained upward pressure on water/sewer rates regardless of who wins in November.
  • Drinking water: LDH administrative order (deficiencies cited 2021–24) requiring flow-meter/sensor/actuator repairs and standby power at pump stations; March 2026 transmission-main break underscored fragility.
  • Weather: Dixie Alley tornado/severe-wind exposure — the June 16, 2023 derecho (~104 mph straight-line winds) caused 133,500 Shreveport-district outages and was followed by at least 3 heat deaths during a 10-day restoration in extreme heat; hail/tornado risk drives insurance here rather than hurricanes. Red River/Cross Bayou flood zones require parcel-level FEMA checks. Summer heat is intense and lengthening.
  • Data-center grid/water strain: see §3 — Amazon's self-funding pledges, if honored, mitigate; the arrival of hyperscale load on a SWEPCO grid and a stressed water system is still the key infrastructure watch item for 2026–2030.
• State legal / civil-rights / LGBTQ climate (standing check): Louisiana rates in MAP's low/negative tier. No statewide nondiscrimination law covering sexual orientation/gender identity; the perennial employment-nondiscrimination bill (HB 429) was killed again in May 2025 — its 33rd year of failure; a 1987 curricular restriction plus a 2024 "Don't Say LGBTQ" law censor classroom discussion; LA ranks #45/50 (35.3/100) on the 2026 LGBTQ+ Business Climate Index. Only 2 LA cities have full local nondiscrimination ordinances — Shreveport is one of them (its 2013 "Fairness Ordinance" covers employment, housing, public accommodations — ⚠️ verify current status/enforcement, as later councils attempted repeal). Net: the city ordinance is a real partial mitigant, but state law is hostile and preemption risk is permanent — consistent with every Deep South state reviewed in this project.

5. Fit Assessment (decision matrix)

6. Recommendation

• Relocate? CONDITIONAL — leaning no on current facts, re-evaluate after two 2026 events. The healthcare finding is genuinely excellent (top-4 in the project), housing is cheap, fiber is fast, and the Black institutional fabric is deep. But you would be moving onto a water system under two separate government orders, into a shrinking city, one year into a $12B data-center buildout whose water/grid effects are unproven, in a state whose civil-rights/LGBTQ climate is bottom-tier. The two near-term clarifying events: (1) the Nov 3, 2026 mayoral election (a Gage-Watts or Phelps win would restore Black city leadership and signal direction); (2) the consent-decree extension ruling and first year of Amazon water-commitment performance. If both break well, Shreveport's score improves materially.
• Do business? CONDITIONAL YES. Louisiana's 2026 tax code (no franchise tax, 3% flat pass-through rate) plus SBAACC membership plus sub-$200k commercial-adjacent housing costs make a remote-first SSS presence cheap to test. Keep the VT BBLLC as parent; foreign-qualify in LA only if physically operating; scope LA's digital-products sales tax first (⚠️ Money/Legal — CPA/attorney item, research not advice).
• Best-fit business types: health-tech/med-adjacent services near the Ochsner LSU/Willis-Knighton complex; data-center supply-chain and skilled-trades services (the 540+1,700 jobs wave); Black-chamber-aligned B2B services; film/creative (tax-credit dependent — volatile).
• On-the-ground next steps: (1) call Ochsner LSU GI (verify 318-626-0050) — confirm gastric-emptying scintigraphy, wireless motility capsule, EndoFLIP availability alongside Cai's G-POEM; (2) SBAACC intro call/membership inquiry (sbaacc.org); (3) Caddo Assessor (318-226-6701) — use-value assessment minimums + millage for any target parcel; (4) drive the Blanchard/State Line and Greenwood Rd corridors to see data-center construction reality before any land shortlist; (5) pull SporTran's official fare/schedule PDFs to close the zero-fare/Sunday flags.
• Open questions / unverified items: exact 2024 ACS city population + metro population; seat-by-seat council racial breakdown; school-board makeup; SporTran zero-fare + Sunday service (unofficial source); Shreveport Fairness Ordinance current status; unemployment rate (city ~9% vs. much lower MSA figures — conflict unresolved); Caddo use-value assessment eligibility minimums; STACK/Amazon abatement term-length + any local PILOT specifics; Black-owned business counts by corridor; Caddo Parish USDA Black-producer census figures (deferred to any future NW-LA farmland paper — DeSoto/Red River/Bienville parishes are the candidates).

7. Sources

(all accessed 2026-07-17)

Government & elections: 2026 Shreveport mayoral election — Wikipedia · Shreveport-Bossier Journal — six-candidate field (2026-03-23) · KSLA — Mero announces (2026-07-02) · KSLA — Taylor & Bowman re-elected council leaders 2026 · Shreveport City Council · Ballotpedia — Shreveport · 2023–24 Caddo sheriff election — Wikipedia Demographics: Census QuickFacts — Shreveport · CensusDots — Shreveport race · Neilsberg — population by race · World Population Review — Shreveport Crime: KSLA — 42 homicides 2025, −19% (2026-01-02) · KSLA Investigates — 2025 crime stats (2025-11-04) · Shreveport-Bossier Advocate — mid-2025 homicide drop · City crime comparison page Housing/COL/taxes: Redfin — Shreveport housing market · Zillow — Shreveport home values · RentCafe — COL · JVM — Caddo property-tax guide · tax-rates.org — Caddo · Shreveport-Bossier Advocate — highest effective rate in state · Caddo Assessor FAQ Land: LandSearch — Caddo rural · LandSearch — Caddo agricultural · Land.com — Caddo market insights · AcreTrader — LA farmland prices Economy/tax reform: BLS — Shreveport MSA · Data USA — Shreveport · MGO — LA tax changes · LA Dept. of Revenue — franchise-tax repeal FAQ · Grant Thornton — flat rates/franchise repeal · LED — SLB Shreveport expansion Black chamber/HBCU/culture: SBAACC · SBAACC — About · KTAL — SBAACC hidden history · SUSLA — Wikipedia · SUSLA University Museum · BlackPast — Southern University Shreveport · KTAL — Cedar Grove factory movement Healthcare: Ochsner LSU — Gastroenterology & Hepatology · Ochsner LSU — Dr. Qiang Cai (G-POEM for refractory gastroparesis) · LSUHS — GI & Hepatology dept. · Healthgrades — Ochsner LSU GI Associates · Willis-Knighton GI directory Transit: SporTran (Shreveport Area Transit System) — Wikipedia · Transit App — SporTran · SHV — app-based ride services · Lyft — Shreveport Water/sewer crisis: Clean Water Shreveport — consent decree · KTBS — 20-year extension request · KSLA — LDH order + main break (2026-03-02) · KTAL — $140M water/sewer crisis · Consent Decree Year 11 report (PDF) Data centers: KSLA — Amazon $12B Caddo/Bossier (2026-02-23) · KSLA — campuses confirmed (2026-02-24) · Louisiana Illuminator — water/power commitments · STACK Infrastructure press release · City council press release (PDF) · Hoodline — judge upholds permit (2026-04) · NOLA.com — tax-break analysis · Action Network petition · Center Square — project status · Advocate — $460K community grants · Technical.ly — Amazon LA siting Schools: KTAL — Caddo maintains B (SPS 76.6) · KTBS — 2025 SPS results · Caddo Schools announcement · LDOE district snapshot (PDF) Climate/insurance: NWS Shreveport — past events · ABC News — June 2023 derecho aftermath · Insurify — LA flood insurance 2026 · Caddo Parish flood-protection info · Bridgeway — LA hurricane insurance 2026 LGBTQ/state climate: MAP — Louisiana profile · 2026 LGBTQ+ Business Climate Index — LA (#45) · MAP — local nondiscrimination ordinances · LGBT rights in Louisiana — Wikipedia

Paper researched & written 2026-07-17 by the nightly Black Towns Prospecting run · Support Stack Systems · append-only record.